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Whistl to provide e-commerce fulfillment services to Tesco F&F Online

Whistl to provide e-commerce fulfillment services to Tesco F&F Online

UK retailer Tesco has chosen logistics specialists Whistl to provide warehouse, fulfillment, delivery and return management services for its new e-commerce offering, F&F Online.

As part of the partnership, Whistl has worked with F&F Online to jointly develop a bespoke and robust fulfillment solution, covering delivery and returns management. The development program included IT integration to ensure a seamless purchase experience for customers, including earning Tesco Clubcard points on their F&F Online orders.

Whistl has also invested £7.5m (US$9.9m) its Lutterworth site to increase capacity by over 14,900m2 through the construction of a multi-level mezzanine structure, with over 3,700m2 per floor, complete with automated conveyors which will enable the company to process around 250,000 pick and pack items per week.

Nick Wells, executive chairman, Whistl, said, “Winning F&F Online is a great result for the Whistl Group, and I want to thank everyone across the business for their hard work in getting us ready for launch, from building the new mezzanine to integrating the IT systems into our own warehouse management system.

“This is an exciting milestone in the development of our fulfillment business, and we are looking forward to supporting Tesco F&F as it grows its online presence in the coming years.”

Author Credits- HAZEL KING, Parcel and postal technology INTERNATIONAL

Laetitia Toupet-Delon

L’Oréal Paris names Laetitia Toupet-Delon global brand president

On July 1, Laetitia Toupet-Delon, currently global brands general manager of L’Oréal’s dermatological beauty division (which includes among others Vichy and La Roche-Posay), will become global brand president of L’Oréal Paris, the leading brand in the French beauty giant’s portfolio.

Toupet-Delon will succeed Delphine Viguier-Hovasse, who will assume the newly created role of chief innovation and prospective [sic] officer at the group. Viguier-Hovasse was named global brand president of L’Oréal Paris in 2019, the first woman to assume the role.

Toupet-Delon joined the L’Oréal group in 1998, working in the marketing department of L’Oréal Paris and later Garnier. In 2008, she moved to the group’s dermatological beauty division, then called ‘active cosmetics’. She was named global brand president of La Roche-Posay in 2015, and was later appointed global president of all the dermatological beauty division’s brands: CeraVe, Vichy, SkinCeuticals, Skinbetter Science and La Roche-Posay.

Toupet-Delon will take charge of L’Oréal Paris, part of the L’Oréal group’s mass-market division, with a revenue estimated at over €6 billion. L’Oréal Paris is present in 150 countries.

In Q1 2025, the L’Oréal group’s revenue rose by 4.4% to reach €11.73 billion.

Author Credits- Sarah Ahssen, FASHION NETWORK

Spar enters South Africas mobile market

Spar enters South Africa’s mobile market with MTN-backed MVNO

Spar Group, the South African retail giant, is expanding into telecoms with the launch of Spar Mobile, a prepaid mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) built in partnership with megsApp and backed by MTN. The move deepens the convergence of retail and telecom in Africa’s most developed mobile market, where affordability and loyalty-driven models are reshaping competition.

The MVNO will offer prepaid voice, data, and SMS services, with a twist: shoppers can earn free mobile data by purchasing selected promotional items in Spar and Tops! stores. The company claims this model could cut mobile costs for customers by up to 50%.

“The Spar Mobile offering is anchored on simplicity, affordability, and trustworthiness, giving us a chance to create one-of-a-kind deals for our customers – linking groceries and Tops! Products with free data,” said Blake Raubenheimer, omnichannel executive at Spar Group.

Customers can buy Spar Mobile SIM cards in-store for R15 ($0.80), which come preloaded with 300MB of data and R10 ($0.54) in airtime. In addition to traditional SIM cards, Spar Mobile supports eSIM functionality and number porting, and will be integrated with the Spar mobile app to simplify top-ups and account management.

“Spar is well-positioned to run and operate an MVNO. We are building the network from very competitive pricing that is simple and easy for customers to understand,” said Raubenheimer.

The launch follows similar MVNO plays from South African retailers, including Pick n Pay, TFG Connect, and Boxercom, all of which have launched MVNOs using MTN’s network. Since launching its MVNO platform in 2020, MTN has become a key enabler of retail-led telecom services in the country, second only to Cell C in MVNO hosting.

South Africa’s MVNO market is projected to hit $90.91 million in 2025, according to industry estimates, driven by growing demand for flexible, low-cost mobile alternatives. Retailers are betting that bundling mobile services with everyday purchases will not only strengthen brand loyalty among existing customers but also attract new consumers looking for seamless digital access, particularly in price-sensitive markets.

If Spar Mobile proves successful in South Africa, there is potential for expansion into other markets where Spar and MTN both operate. Countries like Botswana and Zambia, where both entities have a presence, could benefit from similar retailer-driven mobile services. A Spar-branded MVNO could serve as a practical solution for consumers in these markets, particularly if the incentive-driven model of earning free data through shopping resonates well with South African customers.

Author Credits- Sakhile Dube, techcabal

e-commerce and digital economy

Saudi Arabia and UNCTAD ink deal to measure e-commerce and digital economy

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia and the UN Trade and Development have signed an agreement aimed at enhancing the formulation of e-commerce and digital economy policies in the Kingdom.

According to the Saudi Press Agency, the agreement will help build a framework in the Kingdom’s e-commerce sector by implementing a survey to assess the current situation and disseminating the data in accordance with international best practices.

The agreement was signed by the Kingdom’s Vice Minister of Commerce, Eman Al-Mutairi, during the 8th session of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts on E-Commerce and the Digital Economy in Geneva on May 12.

In a separate statement, UNCTAD said that Saudi Arabia has committed $1.4 million to support its work on measuring e-commerce and the digital economy.

UNCTAD has estimated that global e-commerce sales reached over $27 trillion in 2022, based on the latest available data covering businesses in 43 developed and developing economies.

Saudi Arabia’s e-commerce sector is also witnessing rapid momentum, with 40,953 businesses registered across the Kingdom by the end of 2024, representing a 10 percent year-on-year rise.

“This partnership with UNCTAD will further solidify the Kingdom’s leadership in the digital domain, enabling us to effectively measure and harness the vast economic potential of e-commerce for our businesses, thereby reinforcing our global competitiveness,” said Al-Mutairi, who is also the CEO of the Kingdom’s National Competitiveness Center.

She further added that the Kingdom is steadfastly advancing its ambitious transformation agenda by positioning itself as a diversified and competitive economy across economic, social and cultural spheres.

UN Trade and Development Secretary-General Rebeca Grynspan said that measuring the actual value of e-commerce opportunities remains “a great challenge.”

She added: “Under this agreement, we will be able to develop the evidence base needed to understand the current ‘state of play’ regarding e-commerce in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, but also improve measurement at the global level.”

UNCTAD said that the collaboration with Saudi Arabia consists of two tracks – domestic and international.

The domestic track will focus on assessing the degree of digital trade uptake and value of e-commerce transactions in Saudi Arabia — one of the largest economies in the Middle East.

The international track will support the work of a dedicated task group convened by UNCTAD, comprising experts from more than 25 countries and fellow international organizations.

Saudi Arabia’s National Competitiveness Center has several partnerships with international organizations to benefit from their practices and experiences in the areas of improving and developing the Kingdom’s competitiveness, and UNCTAD is one of its most important partners.

Author Credits- Nirmal Narayanan, ARAB NEWS

InPost and ASOS launch next-day locker delivery

InPost and ASOS launch next-day locker delivery

E-commerce logistics provider InPost has parented with online fashion retailer ASOS to provide next-day delivery service to lockers across the UK.

Shoppers will be able to select InPost lockers as their primary out-of-home delivery option at the checkout, and the service will be free for ASOS Premier customers.

David Flavell, director of delivery solutions at ASOS, commented, “We know that customers come to ASOS for the latest fashion when they want it. Adding InPost’s extensive network of over 16,000 lockers and parcel shops to our offering, with a next-day delivery, gives customers even more choice and convenience in how they get the fashion they love. We’re delighted to have InPost as our exclusive locker partner.”

Neil Kuschel, UK CEO of InPost, added, “This launch is a game changer for out-of-home delivery in the UK. By introducing the first nationwide next-day locker service, we’re setting a new standard for delivery. ASOS is the perfect partner to launch with – a brand that shares our commitment to innovation and putting customers first.”

The launch follows a series of strategic moves by InPost to accelerate its growth and enhance its infrastructure in the UK, its fastest-growing market. In April, InPost announced the acquisition of UK parcel delivery firm Yodel, expanding its last-mile capabilities.

Author Credits- HAZEL KING, Parcel and postal technology INTERNATIONAL

dabur net profit

Dabur reports Rs 313 crore net profit in FY25 Q4, slight dip in ad spend

Dabur reported a net profit of Rs 313 crore for the fourth quarter of the 2025 financial year, marking an 8.4% year-on-year decline. The company’s revenue for the January to March quarter remained stable at Rs 2,830 crore, while earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortisation fell by 8.6% to Rs 426.8 crore.

Dabur’s advertising expenditure for the quarter stood at Rs 176.4 crore, down 3.9% compared to the Rs 183.65 crore spent in the same period last year, Indian Retailer Bureau reported. The sequential drop was more pronounced, with a 22.2% decline from Rs 226.7 crore in the October to December quarter. The cutback may reflect a reassessment of marketing priorities or efforts to enhance cost efficiency amid economic headwinds.

Despite the quarterly dip, Dabur’s total advertising investment for the full year increased modestly to Rs 864.6 crore, up 1.8% from Rs 849 crore in the previous year. This suggests the company maintained its focus on long-term brand visibility across its product categories.

The fluctuation in advertising spend comes as Dabur continues to navigate pressures on both growth and profitability in the competitive fast moving consumer goods market. The company’s annual marketing strategy appears geared towards balancing operational costs with brand-building initiatives, reflecting a cautious yet consistent approach to consumer engagement.

Author Credits- Isabelle Crossley, FASHION NETWORK

burberry and highgrove

Burberry and Highgrove unveil creative partnership to "welcome British springtime

Springtime may be nearly two months in (and with recent sunny weather, Britons may already be thinking of summer) but Burberry has linked up with the King and Queen’s private residence, Highgrove to “welcome springtime” via a capsule collection.

It celebrates the label’s “relationship with Highgrove Gardens, which surround the private residence of King Charles III and Queen Camilla. Honouring our British heritage as a proud Royal Warrant holder, the Highgrove x Burberry collection promotes the work of The King’s Foundation, which acts as custodian of Highgrove Gardens, and reflects King Charles III’s long-standing interest in environmental conservation”.

The company said the 28-piece capsule is “full of British charm, [it] celebrates the vibrant designs of artist Helen Bullock. Taking her cues from the natural world, Bullock has created four artworks inspired by the Kitchen Garden at Highgrove – a walled oasis where nature’s design meets careful cultivation”.

She’s drawn inspiration from its trees, arbours and cascading flowers – alongside its honeybees and fountain for menswear, womenswear and accessories and said she “fell for the tangled sway of wildflowers and that special combination of dancing poppies and cosmos”.

As well as the natural inspiration from Highrove the collection also speaks of “Burberry’s deep-rooted relationship with the outdoors” and the main material of each piece is made from either certified wool, organic cotton or organic silk.

It’s the fourth joint collection from the label in conjunction with the charity and Scott Simpson, retail director for The King’s Foundation, hailed the “strong relationship between Burberry and Highgrove”.

The supporting campaign showcases the Highgrove x Burberry collection alongside a selection of core pieces, in a series of family moments amid “the beauty of a British country house and garden”.

Actors Elizabeth McGovern, Laura Carmichael and Sope Dirisu wear a selection of pieces in a portfolio of portraits, shot by photographer Camille Summers-Valli. The use of McGovern and Carmichael is likely to add to the appeal as they’re known for their roles in the acclaimed TV series Downton Abbey (much loved by British heritage fans globally), while Dìrísù recently played the title character in period drama film Mr Malcolm’s List.

In-store selected locations will feature window displays with “a standout display in Qingdao, China, inspired by the work of Helen Bullock”. Bespoke installations can also be seen in Miami, Sanlitun in Beijing, and Regent Street, London, which will also feature, adorned with florals and benches reminiscent of a British country garden.

Author Credits- Sandra Halliday, FASHION NETWORK

Spinneys

Spinneys reports highest-ever Q1 revenue, up 11.3% to AED 906mln

Bottom line growing 14% as three new stores open in first quarter

  • Q1 2025 revenue hit record high of AED 906 million, driven by like-for-like sales growth, new store openings, increase in Online sales and higher penetration of Fresh and Private Label sales ​
  • Adjusted EBITDA of AED 182 million, up 20.6%, at an industry-leading margin of 20.1%
  • Profit before tax grew 23.2% to AED 102 million, with profit for the period up 14% to AED 85 million
  • 10 new stores opened across the UAE and Saudi Arabia over the last 12 months, with 10-12 new stores planned for the UAE and Saudi Arabia through 2025, strengthening Spinneys’ presence in core markets

Dubai, UAE: Spinneys (“Spinneys” or the “Company”), the region’s leading premium fresh food retailer, has announced its financial results for the three-month period ended 31 March 2025. First quarter revenue hit a record high of AED 906 million, increasing 11.3% vs. Q1 2024, driven by three new store openings during the quarter, increased Fresh and Private Label sales, strong like-for-like growth, and higher Online penetration. Profit before tax grew by 23.2% to AED 102 million, with profit for the period increasing by a healthy 14% to AED 85 million, after absorbing the impact of 6% additional tax on applicability of Pillar Two Rules which provides for a minimum tax of 15%, thus, reflecting Spinneys’ industry-leading efficiency and margin profile.

Sunil Kumar, Chief Executive Officer at Spinneys, commented:

“We have carried the momentum we built in 2024 into 2025, and this is evident in our Q1 results. The continued execution of our growth strategy has again resulted in exceptionally strong financial performance. We have achieved robust growth in revenue driven by increased like-for-like sales coupled with the expansion of our store network in the UAE and Saudi Arabia. Three new store openings in Dubai in the first quarter demonstrate that there is still a significant white space opportunity available to us, even where our footprint is strongest.

“While the UAE remains the core of our operations, we continue to explore growth opportunities throughout the GCC and look forward to more store openings in Saudi Arabia. These will include our first store in Jeddah in the second half of the year, which comes on the back of exceptionally strong consumer demand for us to expand beyond Riyadh, where we opened our first two Saudi stores in 2024.”

Financial Highlights 

AED (m) Q1 2025 Q1 2024 YoY (%) Like-for-Like Growth (%)
Revenue 906 815 11.3% 6.7%
Gross Profit 375 336 11.7%
Adj. EBITDA[1] 182 151 20.6%
Profit Before Tax 102 83 23.2%
Profit for the Period 85 75 14%

Record Top-Line Growth with Best-in-Class Profitability

Revenue: Increased by 11.3% year-on-year, reaching AED 906 million in the first quarter. Top-line growth was driven by like-for-like sales growth of 6.7% and the opening of ten new stores across the UAE and Saudi Arabia since April 2024, and particularly strong performance in Fresh and Private Label sales, with penetration growing by 1% and 1.2%, respectively. Online sales penetration grew to 15.6% during the year, as compared to 13.7% in Q1 2024.

Profitability: Gross profit increased by 11.7% year-on-year to AED 375 million, with a stable gross profit margin of 41.3% compared to 41.2% in 2024, achieved through efficient sourcing and supply chain management and Spinneys’ highly successful Private Label strategy, which emphasizes high-margin products.

Adjusted EBITDA totaled AED 182 million in the first quarter, up 20.6% year-on-year, with an adjusted EBITDA margin of 20.1%, compared to 18.5% in 2024.

Quarterly profit before tax grew by 23.2% to AED 102 million at an 11.2% profit before tax margin (up from 10.2% in Q1 2024), while profit for the period increased by 14% to AED 85 million at a 9.4% profit margin (up from 9.2% in Q1 2024).

Transaction growth: Transaction volume grew by 7.8% year-on-year to 9.9 million in the first quarter, reflecting growing customer demand on the back of supportive macroeconomic dynamics, while the average basket size increased to AED 92 as compared to AED 89 in Q1 2024, up 2.9%.

Continued Strategic Execution

Store network expansion: Spinneys continued to successfully execute its growth strategy through the expansion of its store footprint. From 1 April 2024 to 31 March 2025 the Company opened 8 new stores in the UAE and 2 in Saudi Arabia, resulting in a significant increase in gross selling area. In a post period event in April 2025, Spinneys opened one further store in Dubai’s Nad Al Sheba Mall.

Digital transformation: In line with its digital transformation programme, Spinneys has widened coverage of the Spinneys Swift delivery option within its upgraded customer app, enhancing ordering convenience. Additionally, the Company has ensured that The Kitchen by Spinneys’ range of high-quality, convenience-focused ‘on-the-go’ products is available on select online platforms.

Grocerant concept: Spinneys continued to evolve its ‘grocerant’ concept with the successful launch of The Kitchen by Spinneys at Dubai Mall in Q2, named by IGD as one of the ’35 Global Must-See Stores in 2025,’ followed by a second opening at Dubai’s Creek Beach in Q4. The latest location combines The Kitchen by Spinneys and a small grocery section, elevating customer experience and are planning to open 2 locations during 2025.

Business Outlook

Management maintains a positive outlook for 2025, expecting to open 10-12 new stores across the UAE and Saudi Arabia by year-end. Annual revenue growth is expected to be between 9-11%, driven by new store openings coupled with like-for-like sales growth of 4-6%. The Company expects to maintain its industry-leading adjusted EBITDA margin of 19-20%.

About Spinneys

Spinneys’ story started in 1961 when the first grocery opened in Al Nasr Square, Dubai. It has since grown to become the leading premium fresh food retailer in the region, with 81 stores (70 owned and 11 operated, including Waitrose) across the UAE, Oman and Saudi Arabia.  Much loved by expats and locals in the region, Spinneys enjoys a well-deserved reputation for forward thinking, keeping pace with changes in cooking trends and the emergence of new products worldwide. Today, Spinneys has built a name for supplying top-quality produce and offering an elevated level of customer service. Food quality, safety and freshness have always been at the forefront of the Company’s ethos – just one reason the Spinneys brand is defined as ‘The fresher experience’. www.spinneys.com

News Credits- ZAWYA BY LSEG

more retail chain

More Retail plans ₹2,000-crore IPO in 2026 to aid expansion, reduce debt

The retail chain, which is expanding aggressively, is set to cross 1,100 stores soon and aims to become EBITDA-positive with ₹60 crore profit in FY’26

Amazon and Samara Capital-backed supermarket chain More Retail is planning to raise around ₹2,000 crore through an initial public offer (IPO), which is expected to hit the market in the calendar year 2026, a top company official said on Monday.

The proposed fund-raise plan will be mostly through fresh capital infusion, with no significant offer-for-sale component, as promoters, Samara Capital and Amazon, who hold 51% and 48% stake respectively, are unlikely to offload their shares, he said, adding that the remaining stake is held by family offices.

“We are looking at an IPO in 12–18 months, depending on valuation and market conditions. We hope to raise ₹2,000 crore, and the current promoter dilution could be about 10%,” More Retail Managing Director Vinod Nambiar said.

He said the funds will be used primarily to expand the store count to 3,000 by 2030 and to make the company nearly debt-free.

The current debt stands at about ₹500 crore, consisting of loans and non-convertible debentures (NCDs), the company official said.

Both promoters have a long-term commitment to the business and pumped in ₹900 crore over the past five years in addition to the acquisition cost of ₹4,300 crore.

“More Retail raised ₹150 crore in the last 120 days from family offices to benchmark valuation,” Nambiar said.

The retail chain, which is expanding aggressively, is set to cross 1,100 stores soon and aims to become EBITDA-positive with ₹60 crore profit in FY’26, he said.

The company reported a ₹65 crore EBITDA loss in FY’24, as per Ind AS accounting standards.

“It will take two years to achieve PAT-level profitability,” he added.

The retailer is also deepening its partnership with Amazon Fresh. Currently, 270 of its stores serve Amazon Fresh, and this number is expected to rise to 370 by July, and further to 500–600 stores by the end of the current fiscal year, Nambiar said.

The company’s offline and hybrid store count is projected to exceed 1,100 by FY’26, while the number of ‘dark’ outlets will also grow from the existing 40 to 100 by then.

‘Dark’ stores only cater to online orders.

Most of the expansion will take place in smaller towns, and during the current fiscal, Jharkhand and Odisha will be added to its footprint, Nambiar said.

More Retail currently has a strong presence in South India, West Bengal, Punjab, Haryana, and the NCR, having exited from Delhi city and Mumbai.

Meanwhile, Nambair said West Bengal is a key market and the company is the largest in West Bengal in terms of the number of stores.

The company has 109 stores in Bengal and will add 90 outlets in the next two years.

News Credits- THE HINDU

supply chain

From Factory to Front Door: How Smart Supply Chains Power Business Success

Seamless Supply chain is the backbone of the retail and ecommerce sectors. It is an interconnected system that links all the processes, entities, and resources involved in turning raw materials into finished goods and getting them into the hands of customers. This includes every phase—from sourcing and production to warehousing, logistics, and final delivery.

To ensure this complex system runs efficiently and effectively, businesses rely on efficient supply chain management [SCM], strategies, the process of overseeing the movement of goods, information and services involved in a product or service from the procurement of raw materials to delivering the final product to the customer.

For the supply chain process to run efficiently, the 4 P’s of supply chain- Planning, Procurement, Production and distribution are crucial.

  • Planning– This includes predicting demand, establishing production goals, and creating strategies for sourcing, manufacturing, and distribution.
  • Procurement– Obtaining raw materials, components, and other essential inputs from suppliers is a key part of the process.
  • Production- converting raw materials into finished goods constitutes a core aspect of manufacturing.
  • Distribution- Transportation and delivery of finished products to customers or retail partners are part of the distribution process.

A strong supply chain management strategy is vital in the retail and e-commerce sector, as it helps retailers enhance customer satisfaction while optimizing efficiency and reducing costs. A strong supply chain also benefits your company in several key ways, including Lower operational costs, enhanced customer satisfaction, stronger quality assurance, streamlined inventory processes, quicker delivery turnaround, and more effective internal communication.

The supply chain process differs for retail and e-commerce sectors, across geographies. The difference lies in how products are procured, handled and distributed to consumers. The retail sector relies on physical storefronts as the final point of sale, whereas e-commerce operates through online platforms and often emphasizes direct-to consumer or dropshipping models, which demand streamlined logistics and efficient order fulfilment.

For instance, Amazon and Reliance Retail Limited follow different supply chain strategies. Amazon operates on a global scale, managing a vast and diverse product range with a supply chain built for speed, reliability, and efficiency. It heavily leverages automation, robotics and advanced technologies across its logistics network to streamline operations and minimise costs. With a worldwide network of fulfilment centres and distribution hubs, Amazon ensures rapid delivery and high inventory availability across International markets. On the other hand, Reliance Retail Limited’s supply chain strategy, which is regionally focussed, prioritizes direct sourcing from local vendors. The company utilizes an extensive network of collection and processing centres to ensure the efficient distribution of goods to its retail outlets. By establishing a seamless end-to-end value chain for fresh produce, Reliance Retail leverages advanced technology to optimize inventory management and logistics. Furthermore, it strengthens its product offerings through strategic partnerships with both local and international suppliers.

We’ve gained insight into how the supply chain process differs between the retail and e-commerce sectors. Now let’s take a look at how it varies across different industries.

The supply chain processes in the manufacturing and pharmaceutical industries differ significantly due to the nature of the products and regulatory requirements. In manufacturing, the supply chain typically involves the sourcing of raw materials and components, followed by the production of finished goods through either discrete or process manufacturing. These products are then distributed to retailers, distributors, or end consumers, with systems in place to manage returns and recycling. On the other hand, the pharmaceutical supply chain is more complex and highly regulated. It begins with the procurement of raw materials such as active pharmaceutical ingredients [APIs] and excipients, followed by drug and vaccine production under strict Good Manufacturing Practice [GMP] standards. A critical component is the storage and warehousing stage, which often requires stringent environmental controls, including cold chain logistics for temperature – sensitive products. Distribution must ensure speed and traceability, delivering products to pharmacies, hospitals and healthcare providers. The pharmaceutical sector also emphasizes real-time product availability, efficient returns management, and redirection of supplies based on demand fluctuations. Unlike general manufacturing, the pharmaceutical supply chain is burdened with extensive regulatory compliance, including adherence to GDP and GCP standards, and requires robust quality control throughout to ensure patient safety. The need for specialized logistics and unwavering focus on quality and efficacy sets the pharmaceutical supply chain apart from standard manufacturing operations.

Inventory management is an essential part of the supply chain process. It involves planning, stocking, and managing inventory to maintain optimal stock levels, reduce costs, and effectively fulfill customer demand. Effective inventory management contributes to cost reduction, enhanced productivity, improved customer experience, increased profit margins, and greater resilience in the face of supply chain disruptions. Common inventory management strategies include Just-In-Time (JIT), Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Materials Requirement Planning (MRP), and Days Sales of Inventory (DSI).

Fulfillment is the final step in the supply chain process. It involves receiving customer orders, processing them, and delivering the product or service. This is the stage where the product moves from the business to the customer. When the fulfilment process is executed well, it positively impacts the customer experience, reduces costs, increases efficiency, and serves as a key differentiator in a competitive market.

In Conclusion, a well-optimized supply chain is the backbone of both retail and e-commerce sectors, ensuring efficiency, customer satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness. Whether it’s Amazon’s global logistics network or Reliance Retail’s regionally-focused model, each business tailors its strategy to meet specific needs and demands. The importance of the 4 P’s—Planning, Procurement, Production, and Distribution—cannot be overstated, as they form the foundation of a seamless supply chain. As industries evolve, embracing advanced technology and adaptive strategies will be key in driving growth, maintaining quality, and responding to changing market dynamics with agility and precision.